Keywords
Multi-drug resistance
PCR
Resistance genes
Staphylococcus species
Abstract
Objectives: Staphylococcus species are notorious
pathogens associated with significant morbidity and
mortality in healthcare institutions. Studies have
shown that biofilm-producing Staphylococci are more
difficult to control with higher resistance to
antibacterial agents than those not embedded in
biofilm. The study was aimed to evaluate the
prevalence of biofilm genes in multidrug resistance
Staphylococcus species and its effect on drug
resistance.
Methods: A total of 53 Staphylococcal isolates were
obtained from two teaching hospitals (include name
of the hospitals), with the sources comprising of urine
[6] and feaces [1]; hospital door handles [31], hospital
walls [5], and hospital bed [10]. Identity of
Staphylococcus species were confirmed by
sequencing its tuf gene. Antibiotic susceptibility was
performed using the diffusion method. Biofilm genes
(fnbA, cna, icaA, icaD and fnbB) were assayed by
multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The data were
analyzed by descriptive statistics and effect on
resistance by Chi square at pd”0.05.
Results: Staphylococcus species identified were
Staphylococcus epidermidis [38], Staphylococcus
scuiri [7], Staphylococcus xylosus [5],
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
[2] and
Staphylococcus arlettae [1]. The isolates were
highly resistant to all the antibiotics tested except
ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The biofilm
genes (fnbA, icaD and icaA) were found in 35%,
17% and 1% isolates respectively and had no effect
on antibiotic resistance (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study revealed that some
Staphylococcus species irrespective of the sources
produced biofilms and were highly resistant to
different antibiotic classes regardless of the biofilm
status. Therefore, regular surveillance system is
important to monitor and mitigate the spread of
antimicrobial resistance in our community.
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