Laburpena
Crude methanol extracts obtained from the leaf, stem bark and root of the wild mango, Irvingia gabonensis, were screened for antimicrobial properties by agar well diffusion method at three different concentrations (100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml) against six human pathogenic microorganisms consisting of four bacteria and two fungi. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the leaf and root methanol extracts were also subjected to the same assay at concentrations of 100 mg/ml - 5mg/ml. Gentamicin and Tioconazole were used as positive and methanol as negative controls. Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the leaf and root extracts. The crude methanol extract of the root displayed the highest activity at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. It had a diameter of zone of inhibition of 19.7 mm while the reference drug had 19.3mm on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most sensitive bacteria. The fungi used in this study were also very sensitive to the leaf extract. All the active extracts and fractions exhibited concentration-dependent activities against all the test organisms. Diameter of zones of inhibition ranges from 10.0-30.0 mm. The stem bark was inactive against all the studied organisms. The most active fraction was the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the leaf which showed a comparable antimicrobial activity against the organisms at concentrations 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml comparable to the reference standard drug Gentamicin and Tioconazole. The ethyl acetate soluble fractions of leaf and root were found to show the highest activity. At a concentration of 5mg/ml, the root ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the growth of all the bacteria tested. The phytochemical screening of the plant materials revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and anthraquinones and the absence of cardiac glycosides. Thin layer chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Irvingia gabonensis, wild mango, Antimicrobial properties, phytochemical analysis
Résumé
Les extraits méthanoïques brute obtenus des feuilles, écorce et racines des manguiers sauvages (Irvingia gaboniensis) étaient testés pour leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes par la méthode de diffusion d’Agar utilisant 3 différents concentrations: 100mg/ml,50mg/ml et 25mg/ml contre six microorganismes humain pathogénique consistant à 4 bactéries et 2 algues. Les fractions des extraits d’hexane, de chloroforme, d’éthyle acétique et de méthanol des feuilles, de l’écorce et des racines étaient soumisse à l’analyse à des concentrations variant entre 100-5mg/ml. La gentamicine et la tioconazole étaient des contrôls positif et le méthanol comme control négatif respectivement. Les activités inhibitoires importantes étaient exposées par les extraits de feuilles et de racines. Les extraits éthanoïques des racines démontraient la plus grande activité à la concentration de 100mg/ml, Les algues utilisés dans cette étude étaient aussi très sensibles aux extraits des feuilles. Tous les extraits actifs et les fractions ont subit une concentration dépendant des activités contre tous les organismes testés. Le diamètre de la zone d’inhibition avait un rang de 10.0-30.0 mm. Les écorces étaient inactives contre tous les organismes étudiés. La fraction la plus active était l’extrait d’éthyle acétique des feuilles qui démontrait une activité antimicrobienne comparable contre les organismes à la concentration de 100mg/ml et 50mg/ml comparable à la référence standard, gentamicine et tioconazole. Les fractions solubles d’éthyle acétique et des racines avaient la plus grande activité. A la concentration de 5mg/ml, la fraction d’éthyle acétique des racines inhibait le développement tous les bactéries testées. Le test phytochimique des parties de la plante révélait la présence des tanines, saponines, anthracines et l’absence des glycosides cardiaques. La chromatographie a souche légère indiquait la présence des produits phénoliques.
Correspondence: Dr. Edith O. Ajaiyeoba, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria. Email: edajaiye@yahoo.com, e.ajaiyeoba@mail.ui.edu.ng
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