Quality of life among persons living with HIV infection in Ibadan, Nigeria

Öz

HIV infection is a major factor in the deteriorating quality of life particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, the HIV prevalence in Nigeria is 4.4% with wide variation across the states. Though much data exist on the socio-economic aspects of HIV/AIDS, information on quality of life of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is still scanty. Therefore, this study focused on socio-psychological investigation of the quality of life of PLWHAs in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design and was conducted in three care support centres in Ibadan. Using systematic random sampling technique, 514 PLWHAs were selected. A triangulation of methods was employed using pre-tested structured questionnaire, fifteen Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and six in-.depth interviews. The Health Belief Model complemented with the Quality of Life Tree guided the investigation. Quality Of Life was measured using the ‘’HIV Symptom Scale’’ (HSS) and the ‘’Quality Of Life Scale’’ (QOLS). Frequency distribution, percentages and chi-square were used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was employed for qualitative data. The ages of the participants ranged from 15 -60years with a mean of 34.8(S.D 8.2). Sex distribution shows female preponderance with male: female ratio of 1:2. The data revealed poor quality of life among PLWHAs. There is no significant relationship between age and quality of life (P> 0.05). Almost equal proportion of participants aged 15 – 34 years (50.3%) and 35 -60 years (49.7%) showed similar quality of life as indicated by emotional status, life satisfaction and level of coping with the infection. Majority (70.0%) considered their poor financial condition a barrier to treatment. Qualitative data showed stigmatization and discrimination against PLWHAs by family and community members regardless of age and gender. This stimulated a deep feeling of sadness, dejection, hopelessness, anxiety and fear thereby affecting negatively their quality of life. However, majority of the participants (67.3%) coped with the infection through life style adjustment (dedicating more time to religious
activities and resorting to spiritual help, self coping mechanism of trying not to think about the problem) and psychosocial support from non-governmental organization support groups and faith-based organizations. Poor financial status of majority of PLWHA in Ibadan restricted their access to treatment and other care and services. Discrimination towards them by family, friends and the community affected negatively their quality of life. A combination of strategies – health education, psycho – social interventions is needed in addressing the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Keywords: Quality–of-life, stigmatization, support-group, life-satisfaction, PLWHA

Résumé
L’infection du VIH est un facteur majeure de deterioration de la qualite de la vie particulierement dans le sud du Sahara, afrique. Couramment le taux du VIH au Nigeria est de 4.4% avec une variation entre les états. Bien qu’il existe des données socioéconomiques du VIH/SIDA, l’information sur la qualité de vie des patients vivant avec le VIH/SIDA (PLWHA) est encore rare. Cette étude a pour but des investigation socio -psychologique de la qualité de vie des PLWHAs a Ibadan, Nigeria et conduite dans trois centres de support a Ibadan. 514 PLWHAs étaient recrutes et un questionnaire structure et pre -teste, quinze groupe de discussions (FGDs) et six interviews intense. La fréq uence de distribution, les pourcentages et le test de chi-square étaient utilises pour analyser les données quantitative alors que l’analyse du contenu était utilise pour les données qualitatives. Les âges des participants variaient entre 15 -60ans avec une moyenne d’âge de 34.8 (S.D 8.2). La distribution du sexe montrait une prépondérance des femelles avec la proportion male: femelle de 1:2. Les données révélaient une faible qualité de vie parmi PLWHAs. Il n’avait pas de relation significative entre l’âge et la qualité de vie (P> 0.05). Presque une proportion  égale des participants âgés de 15 – 34 ans (50.3%) et 35 -60 ans (49.7%) montraient une
qualité de vie semblable comme indique par le statut émotionnel, la satisfaction et vivre avec l’infection. La majorité (70.0%) considérait leur condition financière faible une barrière au
traitement. Les données qualitatives démontraient une stigmatisation et discrimination contre les PLWHAs par la famille et communauté sans distinction d’âge et de gendr e. Ceci stimulait
un sentiment profond de tristesse, rejection, manqué de confidence en soi, anxiété et peur ainsi affectant négativement la qualité de la vie. Cependant, La majorité des participants (67.3%) supportait l’infection par l’ajustement de l a vie et support psychosociale de group de support des organisations non-gouvernementales et des organisations à caractère religieux. Le faible statut financier de la majorité des PLWHA à Ibadan réduisaient leur accès au traitement et d ‘autres soins de santé. La discrimination par la famille, amis et la communauté affecte les patients VIH/SIDA.

Correspondence: Dr. Queen Chidinma Ogbuji, Association for Reproductive and Family Health, 815A Army Officers’ Mess Road, GRA Ikolaba, Ibadan, Nigeria.

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