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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the main cause of blindness associated with diabetes mellitus. Due to the increasing burden of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria, there is a need to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients.
Methodology: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, carried out at the Diabetic, and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365 patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires administered to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, and clinical information on Diabetes mellitus. General physical and ocular examination were done. Dilated funduscopy with indirect slit lamp bio-microscopy using +90Diopter Volk lens and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy using +20Diopter lens were also done for retina and macular examination.
Results: A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age ranging from 19 and 90 years, and a mean age of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Out of the 365 patients enrolled, 44(12.1%) had features of diabetic retinopathy in one or both eyes. Out of those with diabetic retinopathy, 24 (6.6%) had diabetic macular oedema with and without other features of diabetic retinopathy. Mild, moderate, and severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was seen in 20(5.5%), 11(3.0%), and 1(0.3%) patient respectively while 5(1.4%) had proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our study is lower than previously reported, and it is highest in patients with DM less than 10 years. There is therefore a need to start screening for DR early.
Keywords: Prevalence, macular oedema, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus
Résumé
Contexte: La rétinopathie diabétique (RD) est la principale cause de cécité associée au diabète sucré. En raison de la charge croissante du diabète sucré au Nigéria, il est nécessaire de déterminer la prévalence de la rétinopathie diabétique chez les patients diabétiques. Cette étude vise à déterminer la prévalence de la rétinopathie diabétique chez les patients diabétiques.
Méthodologie: Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale réalisée à l’hôpital dans les cliniques de diabétologie et d’ophtalmologie de l’Hôpital d’Enseignement Universitaire d’Ilorin, Ilorin de novembre 2011 à juillet 2012. Un total de 365 les patients avait reçu des questionnaires validés, semi-structurés et administrés par un intervieweur afin d’obtenir des informations sur les caractéristiques socio- démographiques et des informations cliniques sur le diabète sucré. Un examen physique et oculaire général a été effectué. Une fundus-copie diluée avec une biomicroscopie à fentelampée indirecte utilisant une lentille + 90Diopter Volk et une ophtalmoscopie indirecte binoculaire à l’aide d’une lentille + 20Diopter ont également été réalisées pour l’examen de la rétine et du maculaire.
Résultats: Au total, 365 patients ont été inclus, avec un âge compris entre 19 et 90 ans et un âge moyen de 45,8 ± 16,3 ans. Le ratio hommes : femmes était de 1: 2,2. Parmi les 365 patients inclus, 44 (12,1%) présentaient des signes de rétinopathie diabétique dans un œil ou les deux.Parmi les personnes atteintes de rétinopathie diabétique, 24 (6,6%) présentaient un œdème maculaire diabétique avec et sans autres caractéristiques de la rétinopathie diabétique. Une rétinopathie diabétique non-proliférative légère, modérée et grave a été observée chez 20 (5,5%), 11 (3,0%) et 1 (0,3%) patients respectivement, tandis que 5 (1,4%) avaient une rétinopathie diabétique proliférative.
Conclusion: La prévalence de la rétinopathie diabétique dans notre étude est inférieure à celle rapportée précédemment et elle est la plus élevée chez les patients atteints de diabète de moins de 10 ans. Il est donc nécessaire de commencer le dépistage précoce de la RD.
Mots - clés: prévalence, œdème maculaire, rétinopathie diabétique, diabète sucré
Correspondence: Dr. Lateefat B. Olokoba, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin,Nigeria. E-mail: drlbolokoba@gmail.com
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