Rezumat
Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin play crucial roles in energy homeostasis control. Although they appear to have differing functions, emerging reports show that there is an important interplay between the 2 hormones as ghrelin could enhance GLP-1 release. This study was therefore carried out to determine the plasma changes in GLP-1 and ghrelin levels following ingestion of selected Nigerian meals.
Materials and ethod: Twelve adult males were recruited into this randomized cross-over study. Meal tolerance testing (MTT) was carried out using 50g available carbohydrate of yam flour paste (amala), wheat paste and cooked cowpea with 50g of glucose serving as the reference meal (RM). Plasma levels of GLP-1 and ghrelin were determined at 0 minute and thenpostprandially, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.
Result: The median AUCGhrelin of wheat meal, cowpea meal and amala were not significantly different when compared with RM and with one another. However, the median AUCGLP-1 of wheat meal and cowpea meal were significantly higher compared with RM but no significant differences were observed when the meals were compared with one another. There were significant positive correlations between fasting ghrelin level and 30 min GLP-1 level following ingestion of amala and RM.
Conclusion: The meals appear to have similar appetite induction due to their comparable ghrelin levels but ingestion of cowpea meal or whole, unprocessed wheat might have some benefits in maintaining normoglycaemia probably because of their effects on GLP-1 release. Also, fasting level of ghrelin appears to have some stimulating effect on postprandial release of GLP-1.
Keywords: Ghrelin, Glucagon-like peptide 1, Incretin, Meal tolerance testing, Metabolic diseases, Nigerian meals.
Résumé
Introduction : Le peptide 1 de type glucagon (GLP-1) et la ghréline jouent un rôle crucial dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique. Bien qu’ils semblent avoir des fonctions différentes, les rapports récents montrent qu’il existe une interaction importante entre les 2 hormones car la ghréline pourrait augmenter la libération de GLP-1. Cette étude a donc été réalisée pour déterminer les modifications plasmatiques des taux de GLP-1 et de ghréline suite à l’ingestion de certains repas nigérians.
Matériel et méthode : Douze hommes adultes ont été recrutés pour cette étude croisée randomisée. Le test de tolérance des repas (TTR) a été réalisé avec 50 g de glucides disponibles de la pâte de farine d’igname (amala), de la pâte de blé et du niébé cuit, avec 50 g de glucose servant de repas de référence (RR). Les taux plasmatiques de GLP-1 et de ghréline ont été déterminés à 0 minute puis de manière postprandiale à 30, 60, 90 et 120 minutes.
Résultat : L’ASCGhréline médiane du repas de blé, repas de niébé et d’amala n’étaient pas significativement différents par rapport au RR et avec les unes aux autres. Cependant, l’ASCGLP-1 médiane du repas de blé et du repas de niébé était significativement plus élevée par rapport au RR, mais aucune différence significative n’a été observée lorsque les repas ont été comparées les unes aux autres. Il y avait des corrélations positives significatives entre le niveau de ghréline à jeun et le niveau de GLP-1 après 30 minutes après l’ingestion d’amala et de RR.
Conclusion : Les repas semblent avoir une induction d’appétit similaire en raison de leurs niveaux de ghréline comparables, mais l’ingestion du repas de niébé ou entier, non transformé de blé pourrait avoir certains avantages à maintenir une normo-glycémie probablement en raison de leurs effets sur la libération de GLP-1. En outre, le taux de ghréline à jeun semble avoir un effet stimulant sur la libération postprandiale de GLP-1.
Mots - clés : Ghréline, peptide 1 de type glucagon, incrétine, test de tolérance des repas, maladies métaboliques, repas nigérian.
Correspondence: Dr. K.S. Akinlade, Endocrinology/Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology,
College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: ksakinlade@yahoo.co.uk, ksakinlade@comui.edu.ng
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