Abstrak
Background: The spread of microorganisms resistant to some antimicrobial agents necessitates the need to search for novel and effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and Vitex doniana Sweet. (Verbenaceae), two Nigerian medicinal plants used in folk medicines for the management of various ailments related to microbial infections were evaluated.
Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extracts and fractions of the leaves and stem bark of T. catappa and V. doniana
Methodology: Four crude ethanol extracts and 16 (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) fractions of leaves and stem bark of T. catappa and V. doniana were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against fifteen (15) strains of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity was determined in a 96-well plate using a resazurin based broth microdilution method. Two standard antimicrobial drugs ampicillin and nystatin were included as positive control.
Results: The butanol fraction of stem bark of T. catappa and ethanol crude extract of leaf of V. doniana displayed the highest antibacterial activity with similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 93.75 µg/mL against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark of T. catappa showed the highest antifungal activity with MIC of 187.5 µg/mL against A. sydowi. Ampicillin had MIC of 15.6 and 31.3 µg/mL against S. aureus and B. subtili, respectively while nystatin produced MIC of 3.9 µg/mL against A. sydowi.
Conclusion: Terminalia catappa and Vitex doniana may serve as useful sources of plant derived antimicrobial agents.
Keywords: Medicinal plants; antibacterial; antifungi; resasurin broth dilution assay;
Résumé
Contexte: La propagation de microorganismes résistants à certains agents antimicrobiens nécessite l’exigence de rechercher des agents antimicrobiens nouveaux et efficaces. Dans cette étude, l’activité antimicrobienne de Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) et Vitex doniana Sweet. (Verbenaceae), deux plantes médicinales nigérianes utilisés dans des médicaments traditionnels pour la gestion de divers maux liés aux infections microbiennes ont été évalués.
Objectifs: Pour évaluer l’activité antimicrobienne des extraits d’éthanol brut et les fractions de feuilles et de la tige écorce de T. catappa et V. doniana
Méthodologie: Quatre extraits d’éthanol brut et 16 (n-hexane, acétate d’éthyle, n-butanol et solution aqueuse) fractions de feuilles et de l’écorce de tige T. catappa et V. doniana ont été évalués pour une activité in vitro antimicrobienne contre quinze (15) souches de bactéries et de champignons. L’activité antimicrobienne a été déterminée dans une plaque à 96-creux en utilisant une méthode de bouillon micro dilution à base de resazurin. Deux médicaments antimicrobiens standards ampicilline et nystatine ont été inclus comme témoin positif.
Résultats: La fraction de butanol de l’écorce de la tige de T. catappa et de l’extrait d’éthanol brut de feuilles de V. doniana affichaient une activité antibactérienne plus élevée avec valeur similaire de concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) à 93,75 µg/mL contre S. aureus et B. subtilis. En outre, la fraction d’acétate d’éthyle de l’écorce de tige de T. catappa a montré la plus haute activité antifongique avec MIC de 187,5 µg/mL contre A. sydowi. Ampicilline avait MIC de 15,6 et 31,3 µg/mL contre S. aureus et B. subtili, respectivement, tandis que la nystatine produit une MIC de 3,9 µg/mL contre A. sydowi.
Conclusion: Terminalia catappa et Vitex doniana peuvent servir de sources utiles d’origine végétale agents antimicrobiens.
Mots–clés: plantesmédi ci nales;a nti bactérienne;anti fongi que;dosagededi lluti ondeboui llonresasuri n;
Correspondence: Dr. O.O. Abiodun, Department of Pharma cology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: oyinoduola@yahoo.co.uk
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