Abstrak
Twenty male white rats (250-300g) of Wistar strain were randomly divided into two batches, the normoglycaemic batch and the streptozotocin-induced diabetic batch of ten rats each. Animals in each batch were further divided into two groups of five rats per group. After an overnight fast (12hrs), animals in each group received D-glucose load (2.0g/kg.i.v) under pentobarbital anaesthesia, with or without the crude extract (100mg/kg/iv). Blood samples were collected intravenously at 15 min intervals for 3hrs. for analysis of glucose, insulin and glucagon levels. From the results, the extract (100mg/kg) did not appear to have any significant effect on the blood glucose level of normal rats, but produced about 35.3% decrease in the diabetic rats. Despite the apparent lack of action on glucose level of normal rats, the extract stimulated insulin secretion by about 92.9% (% control) in this group, and about 81.5% in the diabetic group (% control). The glucagon level was not altered by the extract in the normal rats. In the diabetic group, there was mild but significant suppression of glucagon level after the first 1hr. which lasted for about 50min. We suggest that this extract from V. album leaves may possess antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic, and possibly, mild glucagonostatic agent(s) and may therefore be a candidate for the anti-diabetic drugs.
Keywords: Viscum album, (mistletoe), leaves, extract, antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic, glucagonostatic.
Résumé
Vingt rats males entre 250-300g étaient sélectionné au harzard et divisé en deux groupes. Un groupe normoglycémiant et un autre diabétique induit par la streptozotocine. Les animaux de chaque groupe étaient subdivisés en deux groupes de cinq par groupe. Après une nuit complète à jeune ou 12 heures, les animaux de chaque groupe recevaient une dose du D-glucose de 2.0g/kg intraveneux sous anesthésie du pentobarbitale, avec ou sans extraits (100g/kg i.v). Les échantillons de sang étaient collectés par voie intraveneuse par intervalle de 15minutes pour 3 heures pour évaluer les taux du glucose, d’insuline et du glucagon. Les résultats démontraient que les extraits de 100g/kg n’avaient pas d’effet significatif sur le taux de glucose chez les rats normaux, cependant producait une réduction de 35.3% chez les rats diabétiques. Bien que le manque apparent d’actions sur le taux du glucose chez les rats normaux, l’administration d’extrait stimulait la sécrétion d’insuline d’environ 92.9% et 81.5% aux groupes normaux et diabétiques respectivement. Le taux de glucagon demeurait inchangé aux rats normaux contrairement aux groupes diabétiques ou la suppression étaitmodéré puis significative durant les 50 première minutes. Nous suggérons que l’extrait des feuilles du V. Album pourrait avoir d’effet antiglycémiant, insulinotropique et probablement d’agents légèrement glucagonostatique et donc un candidat pour les médicaments antidiabétiques.
Correspondence: Dr. A.E. Eno, Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar. Email: nkineno2000@yahoo.co.uk
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