Absztrakt
Background: There is a need for a multidisciplinary database that can be used as a potential source for developing a protocol and a guideline for a possible nationwide prospective surveillance of congenital anomalies in Nigeria.
Methods: This five-year cross-sectional retrospective survey of data from January 2009 to December 2013 was done at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data were collected from the admission records on the wards in 8 specialty units with the most workable documented clinical records of congenital anomalies in their care using a predesigned proforma. Proportions of congenital anomalies were determined based on systemic classification of the anomalies and the descriptive terms used were according to the ICD_10-chapter XVIII_RCPCH extension.
Result: The total number of patients with congenital anomalies whose records were obtained from the ward registers was 1311, there were 75 (5.7%) missing case notes while information was obtained on 1236 (94.3%) patients. There were a total of 1479 anomalies with multiple anomalies seen in 16.1% of the patients. The male/female ratio was 2:1 and multiple births as well as positive family history of birth defects were seen in about 2.4% and 2.2% of cases respectively. Prenatal diagnosis of the anomalies was documented in only 11 cases (0.9%). Only about one in five cases presented within the neonatal period, and defects of the abdominal wall as well as the cranial-facial-orbital regions were the most prevalent. Next were those in the cardiovascular, spinal column, anorectal and genital, as well as musculoskeletal systems.
Conclusion: The size and pan-systemic profiles of the birth defects documented in this study calls for further action on this all-important cause of childhood mortality and significant life-long morbidity in our country.
Keywords: Congenital, anomaly, Ibadan
Résumé
Contexte: Il est nécessaire de disposer d’une base de données multidisciplinaire pouvant être utilisée comme source potentielle pour l’élaboration d’un protocole et d’une ligne directrice pour une éventuelle surveillance nationale prospective des anomalies congénitales au Nigeria.
Méthodes: Cet examende cinq anstransversal rétrospectif sur les données de janvier 2009 à décembre 2013 a été effectué auCollège HospitalierUniversitaire d’Ibadan. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers d’admission dans les salles dans 8 unités de spécialité avec les dossiers cliniques documentés les plus réalisables des anomalies congénitales dans leurs soins en utilisant un proforma pré-conçu. Les proportions d’anomalies congénitales ont été déterminées sur la base de la classification systémique des anomalies et les termes descriptifs utilisés étaient selon l’extension ICD_10-chapitre XVIII_RCPCH.
Résultat: Le nombre total de patients présentant avec des anomalies congénitales dont les dossiers ont été obtenus à partir des registres de salle était de 1311, il y avait 75 (5,7%) cas manquants, alors que des informations ont été obtenues sur 1236 (94,3%) patients. Il ya eu un total de 1479 anomalies avec des anomalies multiples observées chez 16,1% des patients. Le rapport hommes / femmes était de 2: 1 et les naissances multiples ainsi que les antécédents familiaux positifs de défauts de naissance ont été observés dans environ 2,4% et 2,2% respectivement des cas. Le diagnostic prénatal des anomalies a été documenté dans seulement 11 cas (0,9%). Seulement environ un cas sur cinq présentait dans la période néonatale, et les défauts de la paroi abdominale ainsi que les régions crânio-faciales-orbitales ont été les plus répandues. Ensuite étaient ceux dans le cardiovasculaire, colonne vertébrale, anorectal et génital, aussi bien que les systèmes musculo-squelettiques.
Conclusion: La taille et les profils pan-systémiques des malformations congénitales documentées dans cette étude appellent une action supplémentaire sur cette cause tout aussi importante de mortalité infantile et de morbidité significative à long terme dans notre pays.
Mots-clés: Congénitale, anomalie, Ibadan
Correspondence: Dr. A.I. Ayede, Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: idayede@yahoo.co.uk
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