Resumen
Objectives: Medical Imaging accounts for the largest radiation exposure of population from artificial sources of radiation. The radiation dose received by patients from medical x-ray examinations in Nigeria has shown large variations within and among diagnostic centers for similar examinations. This could be traced to lack of imaging protocols and on avalability of local/national diagnostic reference levels. Hence, the need to assess the trend of radiation dose to patients from radiological practice in Nigeria.
Methods:Entrance surface doses(ESDs) reported by Nigerian authors for common x-ray examinations from 2000 – 2014 were extracted from articles published in peer reviewed journals, analyzed and compared with internationally recommended Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).
Results: Among x-ray examinations, skull accounted for 32% followed by chest (22%), lumbar spine (13%), abdomen (12%), pelvis (8%), extremities(8%), thorax and cervical spine(5%). The range of mean ESDs reported for various projections of x-ray examination are chest (2.28 – 3.70 mGy); Abdomen (4.42 – 7.22 mGy); Skull (3.81 – 5.19 mGy); Pelvis (5.93 mGy); Lumbar spine (5.73 – 10.98 mGy); Thorax (0.96 – 1.85 mGy); Cervical spine (1.45 – 1.49mGy) and Extremities (0.31 – 0.49 mGy). In this study, it was found that the mean ESDs received by patients from chest, skull and pelvis examinations were higher than the published DRLs for similar x-ray examinations.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that to harmonize radiation protection of patients and improve radiological practice in Nigeria there is need for development of comprehensive national diagnostic reference levels.
Keywords : Medical x-ray examination, Patient Dose, Diagnostic Reference Levels, Radiation Protection.
Résumé
Contexte: L’imagerie médicalecomptepour la plus grande expositionde la population aux rayonnements provenant de sources artificielles de rayonnements. La dose de rayonnementdes examens radio graphiquesmédicaux reçue par les patients au Nigeria a montré de grandes variations au sein et entre les centres de diagnostic pour des examens similaires. Cela pourrait être traçable au manque de protocoles d’imagerie et au diagnostic de référenceau niveau local/national. Par conséquent, la nécessité d’évaluer la tendance de la dose de rayonnement pour les patients des pratiques radiologiques au Nigeria.
Méthodes: Les doses d’entréede surface (DES), rapportés par les auteurs nigérians pour examens radiographiquesmédicauxde l’an 2000 à 2014, ont été extraites des articles publiés dans des revues, analysés etcompareravec les niveaux de référence diagnostique(NRD) recommandées internationalement.
Résultats: Parmi les examens radiographiques, lecrâne représentait 32% suivie de la poitrine (22%), l’épine lombaire (13%), l’abdomen (12%), le bassin (8%), les extrémités (8%), thorax et épine cervical (5%). Le rangmoyen des DES rapportés pour diverses projections d’examen radiographique sont la poitrine(2,28 - 3,70 mGy); l’abdomen (4,42 - 7,22 mGy); le crâne (3,81 - 5,19 mGy); le bassin (5,93 mGy); épine lombaire (5,73 - 10,98 mGy); Thorax (0,96 - 1,85 mGy); épine cervical (1,45 - 1.49mGy) et extrémités (0,31 à 0,49 mGy).Dans cette étude, il a été constaté que les DES moyennesdes examens reçues par les patients provenant de la poitrine, du crâne et du bassin étaient plus élevés que les NRD publiées pour des examens radiographiques similaires.
Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que pour harmoniser la protection radiologique des patients et améliorer la pratique radiologique au Nigeria, il y a un besoin pour le développement des niveaux de référence diagnostique compréhensif national.
Mots-clés: Examen radiographique médical, Dose dePatient, Niveaux de référence diagnostique, protection contre les radiations.
Correspondence: Dr. B.I. Akinlade, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email: bidy2012@yahoo.com; bakinlade@comui.edu.ng
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