Abstract
Measles continues to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in Côte d’Ivoire although the death rates are weak (2.4%). The monitoring and elimination programme of this disease require a laboratory confirmation testing by diverse methods of diagnosis needing diverse biological products. Serum is usually used for IgM detection. This study has therefore assessed the importance of the measles virus RNA detection from sera of measles suspected cases for confirmation of the case and determination of the genotype. A total of 45 sera tested were split into two groups according to the interval between the rash appearance and the day of blood collection: Group 1 (day 1 to day 3); group (2 day 4 to day 7). Four sera from Group 1 of the 45 (8.9 %) were positive by RT-PCR technique while 10 (22.2%) sera were positive for IgM anti- measles virus by ELISA test. RT-PCR and ELISA showed the same performance in group 1 with a positivity rate of 13.79 %. The B3 genotype was found. This result showed that the viral RNA can be detected in the serum but only from those sera collected the first 3 days after the rash appearance and could be used as palliative in case it is impossible to obtain other biological products.
Keywords: Measles virus - serum - viral RNA - genotype B3
Résumé
La rougeole continue d’être la cause de souffrance et de mortalité en cote d’ivoire bien que les taux des décès sont faibles (2,4%). Le programme de suivie et élimination de cette maladie nécessite des tests de confirmation au laboratoire par diverses méthodes de diagnostic par divers produits biologiques. Le sérum est utilisé habituellement pour la détection d’IgM. Cette étude évaluait l’importance de la détection de l’ARN du virus de la rougeole du sérum des cas de rougeoles suspectés pour confirmation et détermination du génotype. Un total de 45 échantillons sérums étaient divises en deux groups en fonction de l’intervalle entre l’apparence des éruptions sur la peau et la date de collecte du sang: Le groupe 1 (Jour 1 au Jour 3); groupe 2 : jour 4 au jour 7). Quatre serums des 45 échantillons 45 (8.9 %) étaient positive par la technique RT-PCR alors que 10 (22.2%) des serums étaient positive au test de l’ELISA pour IgM anti- rougeole. RT-PCR et ELISA démontraient la même performance dans le groupe 1 avec un taux positif de 13.79 %. Le génotype B3 était retrouve. Ce résultat montrait que l’ARN virale peut être détecté dans le sérum mais seulement pour les échantillons collectés pendant les trois premiers jours après l’apparition des éruptions et pourrait être utilisé comme palliative dans le cas ou il est impossible d’obtenir des produits biologiques.
Correspondence: Professor C. Akoua-Koffi, Department of Measles RRL/Epidemic Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Cote d’Ivoire 01 BP 490 Abidjan
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