Abstrakt
Background: Women living with HIV/AIDS often face a myriad of emotional demands and cognitive disorders as they adapt to this chronic, life-threatening illness. This greatly influences their quality of life which can be improved if treatments are commenced early. Several studies have assessed the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS from many parts of Nigeria, but there is paucity of data on the predictors of quality of life of women of childbearing age living with HIV/AIDS in the study areas, hence this study. The study assessed the predictors of quality of life of women of childbearing age living with HIV/AIDS in selected hospitals in Northcentraland South-Western Nigeria.
Methods: The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin and Oyo State Hospital, Ogbomoso were purposively selected and a total of 320 women were recruited randomly from both hospitals. Data were collected with the use of an adapted WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire and five domains of quality of life (physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationship, environmental and spiritual) were measured and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Quality of life scores for each of the domains ranged from 7.0 – 20.0 except for the physical domain which ranges from 5.0 – 20.0. The reliability of the instrument was statistically determined using the test re-test correlation. The correlation coefficient for each of the domains ranged between 0.78 and 0.95.
Results: The determinants of quality of life included marital status, period of ART use, self-evaluation of health status, and self-perception of being ill (R2 = 56.6%; F = 13.1, p < 0.001).Mean quality of life was significantly higher in singles (96.52 ± 8.47) and married (96.40 ± 11.26) women compared to women who were separated, widowed and divorced (92.12 ± 11.96) (F = 4.05, p = 0.02). Women who had been using ART for 4 years or more had a significantly better quality of life compared to those who had been using it for fewer than 4 years (F = 6.43, p < 0.001). Quality of life was highest among women who evaluated their health status as good (97.29 ± 9.29), followed by those who stated it was neither poor nor good (83.11 ± 14.05) and those who rated it as poor (73.86 ± 22.51) (F = 40.34, p <0.001). Women who did not perceive themselves to be ill (96.86 ± 9.76) had better quality of life compared to those who felt they were ill (80.84 ± 15.64) (F = 6.43, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: An understanding of these factors and how they affect the quality of life of women can guide the health care provider in providing individualized care that would meet their physical, emotional and psychological needs and thus improve their overall quality of life.
Keywords: HIV, quality of life, women, ART, health status.
Résumé
Contexte: Les femmes vivant avec le VIH / sida sont souvent confrontées à une myriade de demandes émotionnelles et de troubles cognitifs lorsqu’elles s’adaptent à cette maladie chronique qui met leur vie en danger. Cela influence grandement leur qualité de vie qui peut être améliorée si les traitements sont commencés tôt. Plusieurs études ont évalué la qualité de vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH / SIDA dans de nombreuses régions du Nigéria, mais il y a peu de données sur les prédicteurs de la qualité de vie des femmes en âge de procréer vivant avec le VIH / SIDA dans les zones d’étude, d’où cette étude. L’étude a évalué les prédicteurs de la qualité de vie des femmes en âge de procréer vivant avec le VIH / sida dans certains hôpitaux du centre-nord et du sud-ouest du Nigéria.
Méthodes: L’étude a adopté un plan de recherche descriptif. Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin et Oyo State Hospital, Ogbomoso ont été sélectionnés à dessein et un total de 320 femmes ont été recrutées au hasard dans les deux hôpitaux. Les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire BREF WHOQOL-VIH adapté et cinq domaines de qualité de vie (physique, psychologique, niveau d’indépendance, relation sociale, environnemental et spirituel) ont été mesurés et analysés à l’aide de la version 16 de SPSS. Pour chacun des domaines varie de 7,0 à 20,0, sauf pour le domaine physique qui varie de 5,0 à 20,0. La fiabilité de l’instrument a été déterminée statistiquement à l’aide de la corrélation de test re-test. Le coefficient de corrélation pour chacun des domaines variait entre 0,78 et 0,95.Résultats: Les déterminants de la qualité de vie comprenaient l’état matrimonial, la période d’utilisation du TAR, l’auto-évaluation de l’état de santé et l’auto-perception d’être malade (R2 = 56,6%; F = 13,1, p <0,001). La qualité de vie moyenne était significativement plus élevée chez les femmes célibataires (96,52 ± 8,47) et
mariées (96,40 ± 11,26) par rapport aux femmes séparées, veuves et divorcées (92,12 ± 11,96) (F = 4,05, p = 0,02). Les femmes qui utilisaient le TAR depuis 4 ans ou plus avaient une qualité de vie significativement plus élevée que celles qui l’utilisaient depuis moins de 4 ans (F = 6,43, p <0,001). La qualité de vie était la plus élevée chez les femmes qui évaluaient leur état de santé comme bon (97,29 ± 9,29), suivies de celles qui déclaraient qu’il n’était ni mauvais ni bon (83,11 ± 14,05) et celles qui le jugeaient médiocre (73,86 ± 22,51) (F = 40,34, p <0,001). Les femmes qui ne se percevaient pas malades (96,86 ± 9,76) avaient une meilleure qualité de vie par rapport à celles qui se sentaient malades (80,84 ± 15,64) (F = 6,43, p <0,001).
Conclusion: une compréhension de ces facteurs et de la façon dont ils affectent la qualité de vie des femmes peut guider le fournisseur de soins de santé dans la prestation de soins individualisés qui répondraient à leurs besoins physiques, émotionnels et psychologiques et amélioreraient ainsi leur qualité de vie globale.
Mots clés: VIH, qualité de vie, femmes, TAR, état de santé.
Correspondence: Mrs Ikenna N Ojiegbe, Department of Nursing, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun state, Nigeria. E-mail: ojinath@gmail.com
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