Abstract
Background: Maternal weight gain is an important predictor of pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy in adolescence is a major health challenge because it is associated with high risk. Few studies have been carried out on the influence of weight gain in adolescent pregnancy outcome in Nigeria.
Objective: This study determines the influence of maternal weight gain on the pregnancy outcome of adolescent mothers in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of case notes of 785 adolescents <19 years and 1300 adult mothers who delivered at Adeoyo and Oluyoro maternity hospitals from January 2003 to December 2006 was carried out. Anthropometric information such as weight at second and third trimester, and infant birth weight and length were collected using a record review proforma. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation.
Results: Adolescent mothers had a significantly lower weight gain (6.1±2.9 kg) compared to the control whose mean weight gain was 6.7±3.6 kg (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the proportion of the adolescent mothers (77.3%) and the adult mothers (57.6%) with packed cell volume below normal levels (p<0.05). The mean infant birth weight and length among adolescents (2.8±0.5 kg and 46.6±4.0cm) were significantly lower than 3.1±0.5 kg and 47.9±3.5cm of adult mothers respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence of low birth weight was significantly higher among the adolescent mothers (12.2%) than in the adult mothers (7.9%) (p<0.05). A significant positive relationship was found between infant birth weight and maternal weight gain in pregnancy (rs
= 0.18, p<0.05). Caesarean section was siignificantly higher among adolescent mothers (21.0%) than adult mothers (10.7%) (p<0.05). Complications of pregnancy were more common among adolescent mothers (35.8%) than adult mothers (15.5%).
Conclusion: The adolescent mothers had significantly lower weight gain in pregnancy and higher rates of low birth weight compared to the adult mothers (p<0.05). Strategies to reduce incidence of adolescent pregnancies and improve access to nutrition information that will promote weight gain among pregnant adolescents should be instituted.
Keywords: Maternal weight gain, adolescent pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, infant birth weight.
Résumé
L’augmentation du poids maternel est un prédicateur important de résultat de la grossesse. La grossesse chez les adolescents est un défi de santé majeur vu le risque élevé. Certains études ont été faite sur l’influence du poids dur la grossesse chez les adolescents au Nigeria. Cette étude rétrospective avait pour but de déterminer l’influence du gain de poids maternel sur le résultat de la grossesse des registres de 785 mères adolescent de d”19 ans et 1300 mères adultes qui accouchaient dans les maternités de l’hôpital d’Adeoyo et Oluyoro à Ibadan, état d’Oyo , Nigeria de Janvier 2003 à Décembre 2006. Les informations anthropométriques telles que le poids au second et troisième trimestre, le poids et la taille de l’enfant à la naissance étaient prise en utilisant un format préforma. Les données étaient analysées utilisant le chi-square, ANOVA, les corrélations de Pearson et Spearman. Les mères adolescent avaient un gain de poids significativement (6.1±2.9 kg) comparable aux contrôles qui avaient un gain de poids moyen de 6.7±3.6 kg (p<0.05). Il y avait une différence significative dans les proportions des mères adolescent (77.3%) et les mères adultes (57.6%) avec des taux de sang en dessous des taux normaux. Le poids et la taille moyen de l’enfant a la naissance chez les mères adolescent de (2.8±0.5 kg et 46.6±4.0cm) étaient significativement plus bas que 3.1±0.5 kg et 47.9±3.5cm chez les mères adultes respectivement (p<0.05). La prévalence des poids bas a la naissance était significativement plus élevé parmi les mères adolescents (12.2%) que les mères adultes (7.9%) (p<0.05). Une relation significative et positive était observe entre le poids de l’enfant a la naissance et le gain de poids maternel en grossesse (rs = 0.18, p<0.05). La scission Césarienne était plus fréquente parmi les mères adolescents (21.0%) que les mères adultes (10.7%) (p<0.05). Les complications de la grossesse étaient plus communes parmi les mères adolescent (35.8%) que les mères adultes (15.5%). Les mères adolescent étaient significativement un gain faible de poids pendant la grossesse et les taux les plus élevés de faible poids à la naissance compare aux mères adultes (p<0.05). Les stratégies doivent être instituées pour réduire l’incidence des grossesses chez les adolescents et améliorer l’accès à l’information nutritionnelle qui promettra un gain de poids parmi les mères adolescent.
Correspondence: Dr. G.T. Fadupin, Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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