Rezumat
Anaemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. It is a recognized co-morbidity of HIV infection. This study aimed to determine the risk of anaemia in HIV positive pregnant women. Methodology- This is a cross sectional study of healthy pregnant women attending Adeoyo Hospital, a secondary health centre in South-western Nigeria over a 1- month period (January 2007). During the study period, 2,737 eligible women presented for antenatal care. About 98% (2,682) of these women consented to HIV testing. Over all, their mean (± S.D) packed cell volume was 30.96% (±4.13). The prevalence of HIV infection was 2.9% (95% CI 2.3% - 3.6%) and the overall prevalence of anaemia was 33.1%. Frequency of anaemia was significantly higher in HIV +ve women (57.3% vs. 42.7%, p= 0.00. OR=2.81., CI=1.72-4.58). HIV +ve women presented more frequently with moderate or severe anaemia. In the logistic regression analysis only HIV infection (OR=2.4, 95%CI=1.37-4.21) and primigravidity (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.04-15.2) remained independently associated with anemia. Anaemia is common in HIV positive pregnant women in this environment. Care providers must endeavor to determine the HIV status of every pregnant woman especially if she presents with anaemia with a view to providing appropriate interventions.
Keywords: HIV, anaemia, pregnancy, etiology, risk
Résumé
L’anémie pendant la grossesse est l’une des causes importantes de la mortalité maternelle et néonatale. Il est reconnu des cas de souffrance des doubles infections au VIH. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer les risques d’anémie chez les femmes séropositives enceintes. Ceci est une étude sectionnaire croisée des femmes enceintes bien portantes atteignant l’hôpital Adeoyo, un centre de sante secondaire au sud oust du Nigeria pendant une période d’un mois (janvier 2007). Pendant cette période d’étude, 2.737 femmes présentées pour les soins prénatal. Environs 98% (2.682) de ces femmes ont acceptes le test du VIH. Au total, leur moyenne en hématocrite était de 30.96% (±4.13). La prévalence aux infections du VIH était 2.9%(95% CI 2.3%-3.6%) et la prévalence a l’anémie était significativement élevé chez les femmes séropositives (57.3% contre 42.7%, P=0.00, OR= 2.81, CI=1.72-4.58). Les femmes séropositives présentaient plus fréquemment une anémie sévère
ou modéré. Dans les analyses de régression logistique, seule l’infection du VIH (OR=2.4, 95%CI=1.37- 4.21) et la primigravide (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.04-15.2) restaient indépendamment associes avec l’anémie. L’anémie est fréquente chez les femmes enceintes séropositives dans cet environnement. Des dispositions de soins doivent être mises sur place pour déterminer le statut sérologique de toutes les femmes enceintes précisément si elle présente une anémie en vue d’apporter une intervention appropriée.
Correspondence: Dr. Olubukola Adesina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Univerity of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: bukiadewole@yahoo.com, bukiadewole@hotmail.com
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