Abstrak
Objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); the-current standard of antiretroviral therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected persons, has been documented to drastically reduce the number of cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). However, adverse events are a challenge to the use of HAART. This study intends to determine the nature and incidence of suspected adverse events to prescribed antiretroviral drugs in treatment centers in Ekiti State.
Method: One hundred and twenty participants were enrolled and followed up over a period of six months. At each clinic visit, there was an administration of a detailed interviewer questionnaire that was completed by the attending pharmacist together with the participant. The form is designed to obtain information on the demographics of the patients, WHO clinical stage of
their HIV infection, HAART regimen for the patients, and suspected adverse events associated with the antiretroviral drugs used by the patients.
Results: Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (72.5%), Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine (16.7%), Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (6.7%), Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Nevirapine (3.3%), and Abacavir/ Lamivudine/Nevirapine (0.8%) were the HAART regimens prescribed to the patients. About half (57%) of the participants reported clinical adverse events; 92% of which were reported within two weeks of HAART initiation. Most of the reported adverse events were nausea (14.5%), abdominal discomfort (8.2%), and insomnia (7.5%). A few (6%) of those who reported adverse events required regimen switch or drug substitution.
Conclusions: Antiretroviral drugs exposure often presents with adverse events, an observation similar to other studies. Most of the clinical adverse events were not severe or life threatening.
Keywords: HIV, AIDS, HAART, Antiretroviral drugs, adverse events
Résumé
Objectifs: La thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active (HAART); type courant de thérapie antirétrovirale pour lespersonnes infectées duVirus d’Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH), a été documenté pour réduire considérablement le nombre de cas de Syndrome d’Immunodéficience Acquis (SIDA). Cependant, les événements indésirables sont un défi à l’utilisation de laHAART. Cette étude vise à déterminer la nature et l’incidence des effets indésirables présumés des médicaments antirétroviraux prescrits dans les centres de traitement dans l’État d’Ekiti.
Méthode: Cent vingt participants ont été recrutés et suivis sur une période de six mois. A chaque visite à la clinique, il y avait une administration d’un questionnaire d’entrevue détaillée qui a été complété par le pharmacien traitant ainsi qu’avec le participant. Le formulaire est conçu pour obtenir des informations sur les caractéristiques démographiques des patients, lestagecliniqueOMS de leur infection par le VIH, régime HAART pour les patients, et événements, indésirablessoupçonnés, associés aux médicaments antirétroviraux utilisés par les patients.
Résultats: Ténofovir / Lamivudine / Efavirenz (72,5%), Zidovudine / Lamivudine / Névirapine (16,7%), Zidovudine / Lamivudine / Efavirenz (6,7%), Ténofovir / Lamivudine / Névirapine (3,3%), et Abacavir / Lamivudine / Névirapine (0,8 %) ont été les régimes HAART prescrits aux patients. Environ la moitié (57%) des participants ont signalé des effets indésirables cliniques; dont 92% ont été signalés dans les deux semaines d’initiation à la HAART. La plupart des événements indésirables rapportés étaient les nausées (14,5%), les douleurs abdominales (8,2%) et l’insomnie (7,5%). Un peu (6%) de ceux qui ont signalé des effets indésirables nécessitait un changement de régime thérapeutique ou substitution du médicament.
Conclusions: L’exposition aux médicaments antirétroviraux présente souvent avec des événements indésirables, une observation similaire à d’autres études. La plupart des événements indésirables cliniques n’étaient pas graves ou mortelles.
Mots clés: VIH, SIDA, HAART, Médicaments Antirétroviraux, Evénements Indésirables
Correspondence: Mr. Temidayo Popoola, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: dayopope@gmail.com
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